As educators and interpreters of the natural world, Africa’s field guides share their knowledge about endangered species and play a pivotal role in identifying and mitigating threats to wildlife.

One of the most unique and elusive mammals is found in South Africa’s northern regions: Temminck’s pangolin (Smutsia temminckii). Found predominantly in southern and eastern Africa, here in South Africa they can be found along most of our northern borders, these pangolins were historically distributed across a broader range extending partially through Eswatini and northern Kwa-Zulu Natal. Today, however, Temminck’s pangolin population is steadily declining is classified and it is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

Despite being one of South Africa’s most fascinating animals, the facts about pangolins centre on their largely enigmatic nature. Their elusive nature, coupled with their nocturnal behaviour, makes them incredibly difficult to study. Unlike other threatened mammal species, which often have more readily observable populations, the pangolin’s cryptic habits make them hard to observe, and much of their ecology remains poorly understood.

Pangolins face several significant threats including illegal poaching for their scales and meat, habitat fragmentation, and electrocution from electric fencing. The lack of sufficient data on their populations and behaviours makes it challenging to assess the full scale of these threats or to implement effective conservation measures. This data gap also impacts effective measurement of ongoing conservation efforts aimed at countering these dangers and stabilising pangolin populations.

Temminck’s pangolin are water independent but will drink if water is available.

In recent years, field guides have emerged as crucial players in the conservation of South Africa’s wildlife, especially in raising awareness for threatened and protected species. Traditionally seen as educators and interpreters of the natural world, guides have increasingly taken on the role of environmental stewards. Through direct contact with guests, they not only share their knowledge about endangered species but also play a pivotal role in identifying and mitigating immediate threats to wildlife.

Guides are often the first to report signs of illegal activities or protected species in need of urgent care, enabling conservation authorities to take swift action. They also act as key ambassadors, providing the public with information on the importance of healthy ecosystems and encouraging responsible behaviours that support conservation. In this way, guides are not only contributing to awareness but also directly influencing positive change in how local and international communities view the environment.

Pangolins are rarely seen during drives or walks, which limits opportunities to educate guests through direct observation of the species. However, guides can still use pangolins as a powerful example when discussing broader conservation topics, such as wildlife trafficking and the need for further research into many species.

Guides can also make a significant contribution to pangolin conservation by reporting sightings to relevant authorities. These reports provide valuable data on pangolin populations, helping conservationists monitor their distribution, identify key habitats, and assess potential threats. This information is crucial for developing more effective conservation strategies, such as habitat protection and anti-poaching efforts.

Reporting track and sign of pangolin can also provide valuable information for conservationists.

Mapping sightings outside protected natural areas, where pangolins may also be present, is particularly important. Well-managed livestock farms can provide suitable habitat for pangolins, and with proper care and protection, they could serve as vital wildlife corridors that support a healthy genetic diversity.

The involvement of guides in conservation, especially for the Temminck’s pangolin, plays a critical role in safeguarding the species and reversing population declines. Their efforts help ensure that future generations will continue to appreciate and protect these remarkable creatures.

We invite you to support pangolin conservation by sharing our Pangolin Guardians course. By spreading awareness, you can play a vital role in educating others about the challenges facing pangolins and the actions needed to protect them. Together, we can work towards ensuring the survival of these remarkable creatures.